{"id":3522,"date":"2025-08-13T15:36:42","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T07:36:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/?p=3522"},"modified":"2025-08-13T15:36:43","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T07:36:43","slug":"%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%afgmpc%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%81%ef%bc%9f%e5%8e%9f%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%80%a7%e8%af%84%e4%bc%b0%e6%98%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e7%9a%84%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/3522.html","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn GMPC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"
        Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn GMPC v\u1ec1 m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m  <\/strong>\n        Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn GMPC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \"\u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t\", l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m. Logic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng qua ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m an to\u00e0n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t\n        Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3  <\/strong>\n        Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GMPC, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u00edch \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, ngay c\u1ea3 khi quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3, GMPC y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft sau: \n        I. C\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh neo v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \n        Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 l\u00e0 \"tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7\", ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong ng\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft: \n        - C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chung: tham kh\u1ea3o Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m Li\u00ean bang c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, v.v., \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0), c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed5 sung t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kem ch\u1ed1ng n\u1eafng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng formaldehyde trong m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn xem c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u00f3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hay kh\u00f4ng. \n        - Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo qu\u1ed1c gia: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec7 sinh c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, danh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, v.v. N\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh. \n        - Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ng\u00e0nh: tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IFRA) v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gia v\u1ecb, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u1ee7y ban \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m (CIR),... C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. \n        II. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \"n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh\" v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i \n        Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, bao g\u1ed3m: \n        - X\u00e1c minh danh s\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, t\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c (nh\u01b0 dung m\u00f4i, ch\u1ea5t nh\u0169 h\u00f3a), t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng), v.v. C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eebng c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t hay kh\u00f4ng, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \n        - Truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt (cho d\u00f9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m), quy tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c (cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o) v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u00eanh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 mang m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. \n        - S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc r\u1ee7i ro t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t: t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra peroxit trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c monome kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi an to\u00e0n th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. \n        III. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh: \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i nguy ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng an to\u00e0n \n        \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh hay m\u00e3n t\u00ednh cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: \n        - \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh: th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh in vitro, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u cao ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac qua da v\u00e0 ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c hay kh\u00f4ng). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0103n m\u00f2n cao, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n hay ch\u01b0a. \n        - \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00e3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch l\u0169y: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xem li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u00edch l\u0169y hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0, g\u00e2y qu\u00e1i thai ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh s\u1ea3n hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t Qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3). N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean quan, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. \n        - T\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m: k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m (nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y), ph\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t, m\u1eaft, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3), th\u1eddi gian c\u01b0 tr\u00fa (nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i r\u1eeda, lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa), t\u00ednh to\u00e1n li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng an to\u00e0n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.  \n         \"\"\n        IV. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \n        Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi sinh v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: \n        - Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n vi sinh v\u1eadt: t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 khu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1c trong nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh (nh\u01b0 Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c,.. N\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c g\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc (nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u huy\u1ebft thanh), nguy c\u01a1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi sinh v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t cao, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c vi khu\u1ea9n th\u1ea5p; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ea7u, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n xem c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i (nh\u01b0 aflatoxin) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra do n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c hay kh\u00f4ng \n        - Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: theo \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, pH (hydoxic ho\u1eb7c superalkaline c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng da), h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng (nh\u01b0 ch\u00ec, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, asen, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe), c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 dung m\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh), v.v. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. \n        V. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m: ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \n        M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi da ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0ng nh\u1ea7y. S\u1ef1 k\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: \n        - X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m k\u00edch \u1ee9ng: \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi da v\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh da in vitro ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m m\u1eaft c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m k\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u1eaft nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ecf, s\u01b0ng, ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c; nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m cho tr\u1ebb em c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch \u1ee9ng. \n        - Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch xem nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i gia v\u1ecb, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n) hay c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng hay kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a da sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u00f4ng qua x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m mi\u1ebfng d\u00e1n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m t\u00f3c), c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tham kh\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. \n        - Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo nh\u00f3m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n k\u00edch th\u00edch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0o. \n        VI. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \n        S\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh, v.v. Do \u0111\u00f3, GMPC y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c: \n        - L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t: Sau khi m\u1ed7i l\u00f4 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh (nh\u01b0 vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng) \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u0169 do nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cung c\u1ea5p hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u00f4. \n        - Theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef: m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau), th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi sinh v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t vitamin C) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m theo d\u00f5i. \n        - \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i: N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra r\u1ee7i ro an to\u00e0n m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, quy tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00ean men sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i xem c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra hay kh\u00f4ng. \n        N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc cho s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 an to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn GMPC m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/code><\/pre>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"themepark_post_bcolor":"#f5f5f5","themepark_post_width":"1022px","themepark_post_img":"","themepark_post_img_po":"left","themepark_post_img_re":false,"themepark_post_img_cover":false,"themepark_post_img_fixed":false,"themepark_post_hide_title":false,"themepark_post_main_b":"","themepark_post_main_p":100,"themepark_paddingblock":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"metadata":{"_edit_lock":["1755070605:1"],"_edit_last":["1"],"catce":["sidebar-widgets4"],"views":["265"]},"medium_url":false,"thumbnail_url":false,"full_url":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3522"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3522\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3523,"href":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3522\/revisions\/3523"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.csw-vn.cn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}